Some of the women who were forced into such work opted to go abroad to countries such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. A rather unfortunate few have since become victims of torture, sexual abuse, murder, illegal detention, rape, sodomy, and other forms of sexual assault. Health-wise, as a consequence of becoming prostituted by human traffickers, some have contracted HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. In Indonesian culture, it is a social norm for husbands to financially provide for his wife and the whole family.

In contrast to the previous study, found that married women had a higher knowledge of HIV. The different results in this study might be due to different demographic characteristics such as educational background21 and media exposure. Furthermore, researchers argue that indonesia girl dating married women may have an opportunity to gain information from their partner such as responsible sexual behaviors that address risk factors for HIV exposure22. Women are a highly vulnerable population for HIV-infection, influenced by biological, cultural, social and economic factors1,5. The risk of HIV in women is estimated to be from 2 to 4 times greater than for male due to their reproductive and genital anaomic structures which facilitates HIV transmission with sexual intercourse7. Culturally, gender inequality, male dominance, and stigma exacerbate the Women vulnerability further increasing their vulnerability for HIV exposure8.

In 2012, 18% of national parliament representatives were held by women. Tri Rismaharini is one example of the rising numbers of female leaders throughout Indonesia. The ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary schools is also even as of 2013. More scholarships awarded by the Indonesian government were given to women, and resulted in higher achievement in their later life. In most major cities like Jakarta and Surabaya, educated female workforce tend to postpone marriage, and girls who finish secondary school are six times less likely to marry early. Their prior work has already had an impact, according to organizers. Since 2017, when KUPI issued fatwas on sexual violence, child marriage, and environmental degradation, the Indonesian government has legislated changes relating to two of the fatwas issued.

You might enjoy the odd religious holiday, but they were prescribed, as was the weekend, when that came along. Broadly speaking, your days of rest were the same as everyone else’s.

• Trends and determinants of Comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge among urban young women in Kenya.
• In my opinion, unfortunately, the leadership – including the women currently in political positions of power – are not pushing women’s rights and gender equality issues as much as they could be.
• There’s also an organization called the Asian Muslim Action Network that’s led by Ruby Kholifah, who was a recipient of the N-Peace Award, which is an award that celebrates those advocating for peace in the Asia-Pacific.
• Article 293 punishes sexual abuse of a minor with a maximum of five years imprisonment.
• It is true that Indonesia has high rates of violence against women, however, it’s difficult to know the realities of women’s experiences because in the past the data has been somewhat unreliable.
• The court held that the practice of polygamy historically had degraded the status of women and the teachings of Islam required the preservation of the dignity of women.

In February 2010, the Indonesian Ulema Council in Kuningan regency issued a new fatwa stating that my father was «blasphemous.» My daughter lost her confidence, felt pressured, and had her rights abused.

This study seeks to analyze and describe https://monstertoplist.com/culture-of-trinidad-and-tobago-history-people-women-beliefs-food-customs-family-social-dress/ the voting behavior of female college students for a female candidate in Indonesia at Banjarmasin Mayoral Election in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, political campaigns were mainly switched to communication and information technology with a lack of mass gatherings and direct political campaigns due to Covid-19 health protocols. In a predominantly Muslim and highly patriarchal society, this is also the second time this province to have a female candidate for this position and the first time for this city. Amidst the negative stereotypes of a female candidate and the attacks from the opponents, this female candidate managed to gain second place. Disputes emerged, and the court decided to hold re-election in three sub-districts. The disputes and the campaign dynamics show how this society at large perceives a female candidate.

Indonesian Woman

Trends and determinants of Comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge among urban young women in Kenya. Factors influencing Indonesian women’s use of maternal health care services.

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Of these, the majority were married (76.5%); more than half had completed secondary education (52%) and were lower-mid socioeconomic status (20.1%). More than half had access to a newspaper and or radio at least once weekly, but almost all had access to televisions (95.2%). Nevertheless, violence against women is high in Indonesia and can happen in all places – rich or poor, east or west – and has different https://nove.digital/vietnamese-women-association-project-proposal/ manifestations from street harassment and trafficking to domestic violence and workplace harassment. It’s therefore difficult to generalize that Indonesia is an unsafe place for women because it’s an extremely diverse country. There is religious diversity where the eastern-most province of Aceh is the only province in the country where Sharia law is enforced, whereas in the western-most province of West Papua, the dominant religion is Christianity and the ways of life are completely different. They showed Human Rights Watch more than 60 pages of bullying and threats they downloaded from Facebook. Both women and Human Rights Watch reported the threats to Facebook, but no known action was taken for months and Facebook has not revealed the outcome of its investigation.

What’s holding Indonesian women back? Understanding the social norms that limit girls’ ambitions in the world of work

A local saying that more children equated to more fortune and it was widely believed that the use of contraceptives contravened religious and moral values. This contributed to a very high fertility rate, recognising that it was a major factor in creating widespread poverty. Child marriage is also common.It is among the triggering factors of diseases in women such as cervical cancer, and is sustained by traditional norms. The proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament in Indonesia increased by 0.7 percentage points since the previous year. With 21.04 percent, the proportion thereby reached its highest value in the observed period. The defendant paid his friend to bring the victim, https://moncos.mantapcok.com/2023/02/08/disney-series-women-in-taipei-criticised-for-portraying-southern-taiwanese-women-as-slow-and-other-stereotypes-south-china-morning-post/ a 14-year-old child, to defendant’s café under the pretext of attending a birthday party. After defendant’s friend abandoned the victim at the café, the defendant told the victim to work as a server but also forced her to have sex with the male clients and kept all payments received for the victim’s services.

Its culture also recognises a prominent historic female figure, Bundo Kanduang, the matriarch of Minangkabau society. Today, Bundo Kanduang refers to the traditional institution consisting of female elders revered in the adat of Minangkabau society.

Demographic factors were age (15–19 years, 20–24 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years, 35–39 years, 40–44 years, 45–49 years, age was classified based on Indonesian demographic data classification) and marital status was defined based on the Indonesian law . Education was determined by formal years of education and economic status by measure monthly income ; access to information such as newspaper, radio and television (no. yes – at least once each week). This finding is consistent with other researchers in Bangladesh and Sudan23,26. Urban residence generally offers greater opportunity to access media of various types; and, perhaps better exposure to HIV-related information. Transparency regarding the pevalence of HIV in Indonesia, encouraging open discussions and improving access to information are all essential to facilitate information access for Indonesian women, rural and urban alike, to learn about HIV transmission, prevention, and resources.